This group of languages is very familiar and important for all Britain because it can’t be overestimated by the influence and an observation of this group of languages in the past will be here. Maybe, Brittonic languages used in speech before Roman invasion and it covered the main part of Britain, wasn’t it?!
During the period of Roman occupation (from the 420 BC to the 43 AC), Brittonic language borrowed many words from Latin language. Languages divided into at least two dialects, Southwestern and Western.
Then dialects divided into two dialects to the time of the ending Roman occupation. Western dialect was divided Into Welsh, Cumbric, and Southwestern into Cornish and related Breton. The next stage of their histories was the period of Anglo-Saxon influence.
These languages left in themselves some traces in names of place and any other words. The Brittonic language had some influence on Gaelic (Goidelic) language But Brittonic language was a form of Insular Celtic.
Another form of Southwestern Insular Celtic is Breton. This language was brought from Great Britain during Early Middle Ages. Area of this language is very wide in the north-west of modern France.
Sounds of the modern Breton are below in the table.
Bila-bial | Labio-Dental | Den-tal | Alve-olar | Post-
Alveolar |
Pala-tal | Velar | Uvular | Glot-tal | |
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | g, ɡʷ | |||||
Plosive | p, b | d, t | k, kʷ | ||||||
Fricative | v, f | ð, ) | z, zh, s | ʒ, ʃ | ɣ, x | h | |||
Trill | r | ʁ | |||||||
Approx. | l, | ɹ | j, ʎ, ɥ | w |
The table with the English sounds is represented below.
Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Post — alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||
Stop (Plosive) | p, b | t, d | k, g | ||||
Affricative | tʃ, tʒ | ||||||
Fricative | f, v | θ, ð | s, z | ʃ, ʒ | h | ||
Approximant | l | ɹ | j | w |
These similarities approves that Breton language which came from Britain. Here is a comparison of this result with the result from the article “Modern French and modern English”.
Labial | Dental / Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | |
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | (ŋ) | |
Plosive | p b | t, d | k, g | ||
Fricative | f, v | s, z | ʃ,ʒ | x | ʁ |
Approximant | l | u, j | w |
The Breton language is similar to both of the languages as French as English. It is a cause to say that Breton was as the English descendent as a French child.
This article was written by Ilya Duchanin.
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